Preeclampsia is a serious condition that occurs during pregnancy. This occurs in about 4-8% of pregnancies. This is a condition characterized by high blood pressure (140/90 limit) and protein content in urine (0.5 g/24 hours).
There are many types, and there is some chaos between the classifications of hypertensive pregnancy. However, this is important for the clinic only if the so-called preeclampsia is superimposed, the onset of primary hypertension, which has a worse prognosis. Or it appeared during pregnancy. This usually occurs in the twentieth week of pregnancy and later. Its cause lies in the so-called maternal endothelial dysfunction. This means that a woman lacks balanced and anticoagulant blood factors, and blood vessel cells form more factors that cause vasoconstriction. Another factor is the poor development of the placenta.
Eclampsia is a life-threatening condition that usually leads to preeclampsia. But it doesn't always happen that way. There is also a form without a history of preeclampsia, which is very serious. This is a paroxysmal disease, manifested by tonic-clonic seizures that occur without other pathology of the brain.
HELLP syndrome is determined by laboratory parameters: hemolytic anemia, increased liver tests, decreased platelet count.
Risk factors for preeclampsia
Hypertension is a risk factor. It can be primary or secondary. Primary (essential) hypertension is an increase in blood pressure, the cause of which we do not find. We know the cause of secondary hypertension. These can be diseases of the kidneys, endocrine glands (adrenal glands, thyroid glands), which disappear during the treatment of hypertension.
Hypertension has a number of risk factors that are also applicable to hypertension during pregnancy. These are obesity, excessive salt intake, high blood fat, smoking, and many others. In addition, preeclampsia has other risk factors. For example, preeclampsia is more common in women giving birth for the first time, and genetic predisposition is also important, as well as the age of pregnancy under 18 and over 35. On the part of the fetus, these are congenital malformations, multiple pregnancies, hydatidosis of moles.
Prevention of preeclampsia
Prevention of preeclampsia is a regular visit to the antenatal clinic. At the beginning of pregnancy, expectant mothers go about once every 4 weeks. Later, the intervals are shortened, and at the end of pregnancy, a woman visits an obstetrician once a week. In counseling centers, mothers measure their blood pressure and examine their urine to see if it contains protein. In this case, the doctor should identify other possible diseases with high blood pressure and protein content in the urine and prescribe appropriate treatment. These pregnant women are then placed in so-called risk clinics, and they visit an obstetrician more often.
Symptoms of preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is manifested by hypertension. The severity of hypertension is important. The first and most often the only symptoms are headache, fatigue and nausea. These are the early symptoms. We don't see vision problems and other late-term symptoms in pregnant women, because they are, of course, treated. The greatest danger is caused by changes in the placenta that threaten fetal development. It can be poorly supplied with oxygen and, consequently, slow down development.
Eclampsia usually goes through four stages. The first, prodromal phase is very short and may sometimes be completely absent. Epigastric pain is characteristic - under the ribs towards the liver. Then comes the phase of tonic seizures, which mainly affects the muscles of the neck and back, as if the pregnant woman is tense. The phase of clonic seizures is manifested by generalized twitching of the muscles of the whole body. This phase is the longest minutes. This phase then leads to coma with mydriasis (dilated pupils), decreased reflexes, and deep breathing.
Not all phases can occur in an eclamptic attack. Sometimes, for example, there is a sudden lapse into a coma. Experienced traders view betting bonuses as free option contracts – they provide upside without downside exposure, as long as you understand the conversion rate. The key lies in recognising the effective value after accounting for the required turnover and eligible markets. The
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